Urban Land Institute Panel Discusses Dix Today

A panel that's studying what to do with the Dorothea Dix property near downtown Raleigh meets today at 5:30 p.m. Hired by a legislative committee charged with shaping the Dix property's future, the panel is made up of members of the Urban Land Institute, a nonprofit think tank of big real estate. (For more on ULI, read my Sept. 8 post titled "'Big Voice' Joining Dix Debate Belongs to the Real-Estate Development Industry" online here.)

There are competing visions for the 300-acre property -- one of the last big parcels of open space near the city's core -- that involve everything from a park to offices and condos.

ULI helped advise officials on the rebuilding of Lower Manhattan after the 9/11 attacks and post-Katrina New Orleans. Its work in New Orleans was controversial, with one writer describing its role there as "refram[ing] the historic elite desire to shrink the city's socioeconomic footprint of black poverty (and black political power) as a crusade to reduce its physical footprint to contours commensurate with public safety and a fiscally viable urban infrastructure."

Today's meeting, which is open to the public, will take place in the third-floor rotunda of the General Assembly building at 16 W. Jones Street in Raleigh, WRAL reports.

N&O on Blogging

The News & Observer ran a package of stories about blogging in yesterday's Q section, and Raleigh Eco News was among the blogs mentioned.

The main story, by staff writer Eric Ferreri, offered expert perspectives on blogging and ethics. Anton Zuiker, who blogs at www.mistersugar.com, offered tips for high-quality blogging, while Ruby Sinreich, founder of the excellent OrangePolitics.org, discussed the symbiotic relationship between bloggers and traditional journalists. There's also a short piece offering advice for people interested in creating their own blog.

The package offered short profiles of four local blogs: Tire Shop by Raleigh artist and gallery owner Nancy Baker; Chris Anderson's Raleighing, about shopping and culture in the Capital City; my Raleigh Eco News; and Gary Kuebers' Endangered Durham, about history and development in that city.

EQ Ad Downplays EPA Pollution Findings

In case you missed it, EQ Industrial Services ran a full-page ad in yesterday's News & Observer -- a letter from EQ President David Lusk to the citizens of Apex, N.C., where one of the Michigan-based company's hazmat handling facilities burned earlier this month. Lusk doesn't say outright that he's sorry for the incident, which forced the evacuation of thousands of people and closure of businesses in nearby neighborhoods, but he does express regret:

"We recognize that many of you have been inconvenienced by this event, including those who had to evacuate their homes. We empathize with you and understand the concerns raised by this unfortunate situation."

In an effort to assure Apex residents they needn't worry about environmental contamination, Lusk cites the findings of U.S EPA's Airborne Spectral Photographic Environmental Collection Technology (ASPECT) airplane. Lusk writes:

"US EPA's advanced monitoring aircraft conducted extensive testing in the surrounding area on Friday, October 6 and found no evidence of contaminants from the fire."

But that's not exactly true: According to an EPA Region 4 press release dated Oct. 7, ASPECT detected in the plume the presence of chlorinated ethanes and benzenes -- both carcinogens. EPA describes the concentrations as "trace-level" but doesn't offer details.

State Expands Environmental Testing in Apex

The state Department of Environment and Natural Resources announced Friday that it's conducting additional testing for contamination near Environmental Quality's hazmat storage facility in Apex, N.C.

A fire that broke out there Oct. 5 burned for three days, releasing a greenish-yellow plume of smoke and gases that drifted over nearby neighborhoods. Jimmy Sauls, who lives less than two blocks from the facility with his wife and dogs, says the pollution smelled "like Clorox, but sweet" and left him with a "burning, itchy feeling" on his face. It also irritated his and his wife's throats and made their normally active dogs -- two Pekingnese and a Shih Tzu -- unusually lethargic.

According to DENR, air and water quality tests done in the immediate aftermath of the fire found no cause for concern in the short-term, though it does not share the test data on its Web page devoted to the disaster. "This new round of testing will look for any environmental contaminants that could potentially cause long-term effects," according to an Oct. 20 press statement from DENR Secretary Bill Ross. The statement continues:

DENR will be in charge of environmental sampling around residents' homes. DENR will be responsible for environmental sampling around the homes. The Division of Air Quality [on Thursday] began enlisting volunteers in a plan to take exterior wipe samples from about 30 locations (homes and buildings). Some of the buildings will be in the area close to EQ most likely to have been affected by the fire. Others will be in areas well away from EQ and will be used to determine background levels of contaminants that could be in the area but unrelated to the fire. Although none of the air quality samples collected so far have detected harmful levels of contaminants, the wipe samples will be used as a screening tool to determine whether deposition is a concern. Contaminants that will be tested for include metals, total cyanides and semivolatiles.

The Division of Waste Management will be collecting surface soil samples from the locations identified by DAQ. Samples will be analyzed for volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, PCBs and several inorganic compounds, including beryllium, manganese and cyanide.

The Division of Public Health will sample inside the same homes. Indoor sampling will consist of wiping horizontal surfaces and testing those wipes for contaminants that could indicate exposure to the fire. Only surfaces that have not been cleaned since the fire will be tested. Public health experts will also do air testing for mercury vapors. As part of the indoor testing, other potential sources of indoor air pollution like tobacco smoke, fireplaces, space heaters, gas logs and candles will be identified.

This round of testing is to screen for any potential problems resulting from the fire. It is not uncommon to find background contaminants in areas that have never been involved in a fire. If potential problems are identified, then more in-depth testing will be done. State officials hope to complete the testing and analysis within two weeks.

DENR has posted a number of other Apex-related documents to its Web page: results of the Division of Water Quality's surface water tests; news releases on this week's fire at the facility, caused by the explosion of a 55-gallon drum of sodium; and a timeline of the state's response to the initial blaze. The timeline reveals that, though the fire broke out around 10 p.m. and DAQ arrived on the scene at 1:50 a.m., it couldn't begin air monitoring until 6 a.m., when hazmat teams allowed them to enter the area. The DAQ team:

...tested for a range of air pollutants, including typical combustion products such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and various air toxics. Some of those air toxics included chlorine, ammonia, phosphine and hydrogen sulfide. ...

... The air toxics team also collected grab samples at seven locations near the site for more in-depth laboratory analysis. The laboratory analysis tested for a range of air toxics, including 40-60 types of volatile organic compounds, using standard EPA-approved methods. In-depth analysis detected several chemicals in very small concentrations; all of the chemicals tested below levels considered to be a health concern. The chemicals detected included several Freon compounds, carbon disulfide, acetone and benzene; most of the chemicals are commonly found in urban air and can come from a number of different sources.

DAQ did not monitor the air or test for metals (such as mercury) because it did not have the mobile particulate monitoring equipment required for those tests. The Division is in the process of acquiring a mobile particulate monitor that could be used to monitor for metals in the future.

No hazards were detected in the air from the mobile continuous air monitors or grab samples collected during the test period. However, most of the air pollution occurred during the initial explosions and fire when DAQ staff were unable to monitor the air or collect samples. The intense heat from the fire probably carried most of that pollution high into the air, where it could dissipate more broadly at lower concentrations and rain Friday morning helped wash or scrub those pollutants from the air. By late Saturday morning, analysis of samples was complete with no significant contaminants found during testing. Air testing was suspended at that time.

While EQ is responsible for monitoring the site's air during cleanup, the Division of Air Quality is setting up two air monitors nearby -- one upwind, one downwind -- to check for contaminants.

DENR has also posted to its Web site EQ's final cleanup plan for the facility. The contractor EQ hired to oversee the effort is the Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, a private firm headquartered in Little Rock, Ark. CTEH made the news last year after Murphy Oil Co. hired it to help with the controversial cleanup of a massive crude-oil spill at a refinery in suburban New Orleans that occurred during the Hurricane Katrina disaster -- but allegedly failed to be clear with affected citizens that CTEH was a paid consultant and not a government agency. According to a Nov. 15 report by Associated Press reporter Cain Burdeau:

...U.S. District Judge Eldon Fallon agreed in part with lawyers who argued that the company was taking advantage of the displaced and hard-hit oil spill victims by providing them with misleading and false information.

The judge said the company needs to tell victims to consult a lawyer before settling and that they would waive their legal rights in the case by accepting money. Fallon also said Murphy cannot seek out residents who had not previously contacted the company on their own or those who have lawyers.

Fallon also questioned Murphy's use of an environmental testing firm that has said the spill has not created short-term or long-term risks. Plaintiffs lawyers argued that Murphy tried to make it appear that the firm - the Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health - was a government agency. Fallon said Murphy needs to disclose that the firm is a paid consultant.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has said that it is not safe to live in the contaminated neighborhoods and that people should wear protective clothing while working there.

EQ's cleanup plan for its Apex facility doesn't include any plans for testing of off-site homes or businesses. A DENR official told me earlier this week that the company would address that in another plan to be submitted to the Wake County Health Department.

However, the cleanup plan's health and safety section does includes a job hazard analysis for onsite workers that sheds light on the contaminants the company is most concerned about. It lists a number of chemicals as potential exposure hazards, along with associated exposure symptoms and health risks. They are:

* Arsenic (metal and inorganic compounds). Exposure symptoms: ulceration of the nasal septum, dermatitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, peripheral neuropathy, respiratory irritation, hyper-pigmentation of the skin.

* Benzene. Exposure symptoms: eye, nose and respiratory irritation; giddiness; headaches; nausea; staggered gait; fatigue; anorexia; bone marrow suppression. Health effects: a suspected leukemogen that causes cumulative bone marrow damage.

* Lead (inorganic dusts and fumes). Exposure symptoms: weakness, lassitude, insomnia, facial pallor, eye irritation, anorexia, constipation, abdominal pain, hypertension, tremors. Health effects: damages the blood, nervous and reproductive systems.

* Cadmium (metal and compounds). Exposure symptoms: pulmonary edema, breathing difficulty, cough, chest tightness, pain beneath the sternum, headaches, chills, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of sense of smell, anemia. Health effects: cumulative kidney and lung damage.

* Methylene chloride. Exposure symptoms: fatigue, weakness, sleepiness, lightheadedness, numbness in the limbs, tingling, nausea, skin and eye irritation. Health effects: cumulative liver damage, central nervous effects, narcosis.

* Vinyl chloride. Exposure symptoms: weakness, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, enlarged liver. Health effects: liver cancer.

Arsenic, benzene, cadmium, methylene chloride and vinyl chloride are also carcinogens, according to chemical fact sheets included in EQ's plan.

Interestingly, some of the symptoms associated with exposure to these chemicals -- "fatigue," "lassitude," "sleepiness" -- could explain why Sauls' dogs are so out of sorts.

Apex Fire Story in the Independent

I have a story in this week's Independent about the aftermath of the chemical fire in Apex. It reports on the experience of a nearby resident, the materials present at the site and their potential hazards, and testing done and planned. I welcome your thoughts and feedback, and suggestions for future reporting.

Fire Burning Again at Apex Hazmat Facility

Apex officials have received reports of an explosion and fire today at the same hazmat handling facility that burned extensively two weeks ago, WRAL reports. Apex Police Capt. Ann Stephens told the TV station that there was a "small fire" in a 55-gallon barrel but the blaze had been contained.

Nearby businesses were evacuated as a precaution, but area schools will remain in session, according to WRAL.

Apex Mayor Keith Weatherly said authorities believe the barrel was filled with material that can combust when exposed to water or air.

Apex Fire Sparks Gov, State Rep to Action

This month's chemical fire at a hazardous waste storage facility in Apex has spurred North Carolina Gov. Mike Easley and state Rep. Nelson Dollar to take action to address public safety.

Easley yesterday appointed a task force to examine current regulations for such facilities and to recommend changes, including legislation if necessary, to better protect citizens and the environment, according to a statement from his press office.

"Hazardous waste storage and disposal facilities must be operated safely for the good of the public and the environment," said Easley. "We cannot allow firefighters to risk their lives by rushing into a facility when they do not know what is stored there. This task force will make sure our emergency responders and the public know where these facilities are located and what is in them."

Chairing the task force will be Doug Hoell, director of the Division of Emergency Management, and Dempsey Benton, chief deputy secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Other members include Leah Devlin, state health director; Win Mabry, Mecklenburg County health director; Drexdal Pratt, director of the N.C. Office of Emergency Medical Services; Bradley Harvey, head of the Raleigh Regional Response Team; Johnny Teeters, chief of the Greensboro Fire Department; Marty Zaluski, director of Emergency Programs for the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services; Viney Aneja, N.C. State University professor of environmental technology; David Thompson, executive director of the N.C. Association of County Commissioners, and S. Ellis Hankins, executive director of the N.C. League of Municipalities.

Easley asked the task force to prepare a report for him by Dec. 15.

Meanwhile, state Rep. Nelson Dollar, who represents the Apex area in the General Assembly, is crafting legislation to institute electronic reporting requirements for such facilities. I write about his efforts and other aspects of the fire's aftermath -- including the growing controversy over the lack of comprehensive off-site testing of homes and businesses for toxic chemicals -- in this week's Independent.

"A grocery store can tell you how many boxes of corn flakes they have on their shelves," Dollar, a Republican who's up for re-election in November, told me. "We should know what hazardous materials are being stored in these facilities."

Dollar also wants to ensure local municipalities are informed about regulatory penalties against nearby facilities. He points out that Apex officials were unaware the state fined EQ $32,000 earlier this year for improper waste handling.

EQ Chemical Inventory Fuels Toxic Concerns

More than 1,800 containers of ignitable waste such as oil-based paint and fuels. Some 300 containers of powerful industrial acids. More than 160 containers of spent solvents. At least 79 containers of lead, 38 of mercury, another 25 of arsenic. Banned pesticides including DDT. Vinyl chloride and other plastics that emit deadly dioxins when burned.

Those were just some of the materials onsite at Environmental Quality's hazmat handling facility in Apex. N.C. when fire erupted last Thursday. The blaze, which led to a mandatory evacuation of neighborhoods near the plant, burned through Saturday morning.

"A number of them are carcinogens," Greenpeace spokesperson Jane Kochersperger says of the chemicals involved. "There are a lot of heavy metals. If you have children or are pregnant -- I would have a concern, personally."

Indeed, the International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC) for some of the materials onsite -- such as the fungicide thiram, of which EQ reportedly had three barrels -- specifically states, "AVOID ALL CONTACT! AVOID EXPOSURE OF (PREGNANT) WOMEN!" Greenpeace has called for additional environmental testing to ensure public safety.

Earlier this week, the Michigan-based EQ gave public officials involved in the ongoing investigation an inventory of materials by code, which Greenpeace obtained. Apex has hired Earth Tech, a California-based firm, to help it understand how the incident may have affected the town, according to news reports.

To create the list below, I matched the chemical code from the company's inventory with the name and/or description of the substance, and hotlinked wherever possible to health information from either federal agencies or the ICSC. Following the chemical code in parentheses is the number of containers the company reported onsite. Because Greenpeace's copy of the inventory is unreadable in a few spots, the final count of containers for some materials will be higher. I'll post the corrected numbers as soon as possible.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Code (no. of containers) - chemical name/description:

D001 (1,867) - Ignitable waste: A solid waste that meets any of the following criteria: 1. A liquid that has a flash point of less than 140 degrees F as determined by a Pensky-Martens closed cup tester using ASTM method D-93-70 or D-93-80; 2. A solid, under standard temperature and pressure, that can cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, or spontaneous chemical changes and burn vigorously and persistently that it creates a hazard; 3. An ignitable compressed gas as defined by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR 173.300; or, 4. An oxidizer as defined by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR 173.151. Examples include oil-based paints, mineral spirits and fuels.

D002 (341) - Corrosive waste: A solid waste that meets any of the following criteria: 1. An aqueous liquid that has a pH of 2 or less or 12.5 or more; or, 2. A liquid that corrodes steel at a rate of 6.35 mm or more per year as determined by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers. Examples include muriatic acid, sulfuric acid and solutions of sodium hydroxide.

D003 (25) - Reactive waste: A solid waste that meets any of the following criteria: 1. Instability and readiness to under go violent change; 2. Violent reactions when mixed with water; 3. Formation of potentially explosive mixtures when mixed with water; 4. Generation of toxic fumes in quantities sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment when mixed with water; 5. Cyanide or sulfide waste which generate toxic fumes when exposed to acidic conditions; 6. Ease of detonation or explosive reaction when exposed to pressure or heat; 7. Ease of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at standard temperature and pressure; or, 8. Defined as a forbidden explosive by the Department of Transportation. Examples include fireworks and gunpowder.

D004 (25) - Arsenic
D005 (8) - Barium
D006 (13) - Cadmium
D007 (39) - Chromium
D008 (79) - Lead
D009 (38) - Mercury
D010 (2) - Selenium
D011 (1) - Silver
D012 (7) - Endrin
D016 (2) - 2,4-D
D018 (8) - Benzene
D019 (2) - Carbon tetrachloride
D020 (1) - Chlordane
D022 (4) - Chloroform
D035 (1) - Methyl ethyl ketone
D037 (2) - Pentachlorophenol
D039 (7) - Tetrachloroethylene
D040 (2) - Trichlorethylene
D043 (2) - Vinyl chloride

F001 (28) - The following spent halogenated solvents used in degreasing: Tetrachloroethylene, trichlorethylene, methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride and chlorinated fluorocarbons; all spent solvent mixtures/blends used in degreasing containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in F002, F004, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.

F002 (60) - The following spent halogenated solvents: Tetrachloroethylene, methylene chloride, trichlorethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, ortho-dichlorobenzene, trichlorofluoromethane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in F001, F004, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.

F003 (102) - The following spent non-halogenated solvents: Xylene, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl ether, methyl isobutyl ketone, n-butyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, and methanol; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, only the above spent non-halogenated solvents; and all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, one or more of the above non-halogenated solvents, and, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of those solvents listed in F001, F002, F004, and f005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.

F005 (5) - The following spent non-halogenated solvents: Toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, carbon disulfide, isobutanol, pyridine, benzene, 2-ethoxyethanol, and 2-nitropropane; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above non-halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in F001, F002, or F004; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.

F006 (6) - Wastewater treatment sludge from electroplating operations except from the following processes: (1) Sulfuric acid anodizing of aluminum; (2) tin plating on carbon steel; (3) zinc plating (segregated basis) on carbon steel; (4) aluminum or zinc-aluminum plating on carbon steel; (5) cleaning/stripping associated with tin, zinc and aluminum plating on carbon steel; and etching and milling of aluminum.

F007 (1) - Spent cyanide plating bath solutions from electroplating operations.

F027 (1) - Discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulations containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols. (This listing does not include formulations containing Hexachlorophene synthesized from prepurified 2,4,5-trichlorophenol as the sole component.)

F035 (25) - Wastewater treatment sludges generated in the production of creosote.

P012 (1) - Arsenic trioxide
P022 (2) - Carbon disulfide
P029 (1) - Copper cyanide
P042 (2) - Epinephrine
P075 (4) - Nicotine, & salts
P098 (4) - Potassium cyanide
P106 (1) - Sodium cyanide
U036 (1) - Chlordane, alpha & gamma isomers
U051 (1) - Creosote
U061 (2) - DDT
U067 (2) - Ethylene dibromide
U069 (1) - Dibutyl phthalate
U080 (1) - Methylene chloride
U112 (2) - Ethyl acetate
U122 (1) - Formaldehyde
U133 (2) - Hydrazine
U160 (1) - Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
U166 (1) - 1,4-Naphthalenedione
U188 (3) - Phenol
U226 (2) - 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
U244 (3) - Thiram
U279 (2) - Carbaryl

List of Chemicals Permitted at Burned Apex Plant

It's clear from news reports that managers at the Apex chemical storage facility where fires began burning out of control Thursday evening had no idea exactly what materials they had on the premises.

It's also clear that this was perfectly OK with environmental regulators.

"Apex Mayor Kevin Weatherly said Environmental Quality had indicated that fertilizers and pesticides probably were on the property," the News & Observer reports. "A company spokesman said paints could have been there, too."

"Probably"? "Could have been"? Isn't this something the public and its official guardians should know for sure, in case of just such a disaster? How else can we effectively protect our communities and the first responders who serve them?

Elizabeth Cannon, hazardous waste chief at the N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, told the N&O that EQ was inspected less than two weeks before the incident and found to be "in compliance with state rules governing the handling and storing of toxic chemicals."

So apparently the state doesn't require hazmat companies to keep safely on file somewhere a list of onsite materials. For the sake of public health, that should change.

EQ did keep an inventory in its administrative offices, according to N.C. DENR Spokesperson Diana Kees. The N&O reports that company officials spent yesterday "going through office records, trying to figure out the chemicals present from shipping manifests."

In the meantime, here's a list of all of the chemicals the company was allowed to keep onsite under its state Division of Waste Management permit. I've matched the codes contained in that permit with the chemical names or descriptions from Web sites here, here and here. For a PDF version of this list, click here.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

D001- Ignitable waste: A solid waste that meets any of the following criteria: 1. A liquid that has a flash point of less than 140 degrees F as determined by a Pensky-Martens closed cup tester using ASTM method D-93-70 or D-93-80; 2. A solid, under standard temperature and pressure, that can cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, or spontaneous chemical changes and burn vigorously and persistently that it creates a hazard; 3. An ignitable compressed gas as defined by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR 173.300; or, 4. An oxidizer as defined by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR 173.151.
D002 - Corrosive waste: A solid waste that meets any of the following criteria: 1. An aqueous liquid that has a pH of 2 or less or 12.5 or more; or, 2. A liquid that corrodes steel at a rate of 6.35 mm or more per year as determined by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers.
D003 – Reactive waste: A solid waste that meets any of the following criteria: 1. Instability and readiness to under go violent change; 2. Violent reactions when mixed with water; 3. Formation of potentially explosive mixtures when mixed with water; 4. Generation of toxic fumes in quantities sufficient to present a danger to human health or the environment when mixed with water; 5. Cyanide or sulfide waste which generate toxic fumes when exposed to acidic conditions; 6. Ease of detonation or explosive reaction when exposed to pressure or heat; 7. Ease of detonation or explosive decomposition or reaction at standard temperature and pressure; or, 8. Defined as a forbidden explosive by the Department of Transportation.
D004 - Arsenic
D005 - Barium
D006 - Cadmium
D007 - Chromium
D008 - Lead
D009 - Mercury
D010 - Selenium
D011 - Silver
D012 - Endrin
D013 - Lindane
D014 - Methoxychlor
D015 - Toxaphene
D016 - 2,4-D
D017 - 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
D018 - Benzene
D019 - Carbon tetrachloride
D020 - Chlordane
D021 - Chlorobenzene
D022 - Chloroform
D023 - o-Cresol
D024 - m-Cresol
D025 - p-Cresol
D026 - Cresol
D027 - 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
D028 - 1,2-Dichloroethane
D029 - 1,1-Dichloroethylene
D030 - 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
D031 - Heptachlor (and its epoxide)
D032 - Hexachlorobenzene
D033 - Hexachlorobutadiene
D034 - Hexachloroethane
D035 - Methoxychlor
D036 - Nitrobenzene
D037 - Pentrachlorophenol
D038 - Pyridine
D039 - Tetrachloroethylene
D040 - Trichloroethylene
D041 - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
D042 - 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
D043 - Vinyl chloride
F001 - The following spent halogenated solvents used in degreasing: Tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, 1,1,1- trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorinated fluorocarbons; all spent solvent mixtures/blends used in degreasing containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in F002, F004, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.
F002 - The following spent halogenated solvents: Tetrachloroethylene, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene,1,1,1-trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, ortho-dichlorobenzene, trichlorofluoromethane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above halogenated solvents or those listed in F001, F004, or F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.
F003 - The following spent non-halogenated solvents: Xylene, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl ether, methyl isobutyl ketone, n-butyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, and methanol; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, only the above spent non-halogenated solvents; and all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, one or more of the above non-halogenated solvents, and, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of those solvents listed in F001, F002, F004, and f005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.
F004 - The following spent non-halogenated solvents: Cresols and cresylic acid, and nitrobenzene; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above non-halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in F001, F002, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.
F005 - The following spent non-halogenated solvents: Toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, carbon disulfide, isobutanol, pyridine, benzene, 2-ethoxyethanol, and 2-nitropropane; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above non-halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in F001, F002, or F004; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.
F006 - Wastewater treatment sludge from electroplating operations except from the following processes: (1) Sulfuric acid anodizing of aluminum; (2) tin plating on carbon steel; (3) zinc plating (segregated basis) on carbon steel; (4) aluminum or zinc-aluminum plating on carbon steel; (5) cleaning/stripping associated with tin, zinc and aluminum plating on carbon steel; and align=center etching and milling of aluminum.
F007 - Spent cyanide plating bath solutions from electroplating operations.
F008 - Plating bath residues from the bottom of plating baths from electroplating operations where cyanides are used in the process.
F009 - Spent stripping and cleaning bath solutions from electroplating operations where cyanides are used in the process.
F010 - Quenching bath residues from oil baths from metal heat treating operations where cyanides are used in the process.
F011 - Spent cyanide solutions from salt bath pot cleaning from metal heat treating operations.
F012 - Quenching waste water treatment sludge from metal heat treating operations where cyanides are used in the process.
F019 - Wastewater treatment sludge from the chemical conversion coating of aluminum except from zirconium phosphating in aluminum can washing when such phosphating is an exclusive conversion coating process.
F020 - Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production or manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of tri- or tetrachlorophenol, or of intermediates used to produce their pesticide derivatives. (This listing does not include wastes from the production of Hexachlorophene from highly purified 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.).
F021 - Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production or manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of pentachlorophenol, or of intermediates used to produce its derivatives.
F022 - Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of tetra-, penta-, or hexachlorobenzenes under alkaline conditions.
F023 - Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production of materials on equipment previously used for the production or manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of tri- and tetrachlorophenols. (This listing does not include wastes from equipment used only for the production or use of Hexachlorophene from highly purified 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.).
F024 - Process wastes, including but not limited to, distillation residues, heavy ends, tars, and reactor clean-out wastes, from the production of certain chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by free radical catalyzed processes. These chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons are those having carbon chain lengths ranging from one to and including five, with varying amounts and positions of chlorine substitution. (This listing does not include wastewaters, wastewater treatment sludge, spent catalysts, and wastes listed in § 261.31 or § 261.32).
F025 - Condensed light ends, spent filters and filter aids, and spent desiccant wastes from the production of certain chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, by free radical catalyzed processes. These chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons are those having carbon chain lengths ranging from one to and including five, with varying amounts and positions of chlorine substitution.
F026 - Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production of materials on equipment previously used for the manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of tetra-, penta-, or hexachlorobenzene under alkaline conditions.
F027 - Discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulations containing compounds derived from these chlorophenols. (This listing does not include formulations containing Hexachlorophene synthesized from prepurified 2,4,5-trichlorophenol as the sole component.).
F028 - Residues resulting from the incineration or thermal treatment of soil contaminated with EPA Hazardous Waste Nos. F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027.
F032 - Wastewaters (except those that have not come into contact with process contaminants),rocess residuals, preservative drippage, and spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that currently use or have previously used chlorophenolic formulations (except potentially cross-contaminated wastes that have had the F032 waste code deleted in accordance with § 261.35 of this chapter or potentially cross-contaminated wastes that are otherwise currently regulated as hazardous wastes (i.e., F034 or F035), and where the generator does not resume or initiate use of chlorophenolic formulations). This listing does not include K001 bottom sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewater from wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or pentachlorophenol.
F034 - Wastewaters (except those that have not come into contact with process contaminants), process residuals, preservative drippage, and spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that use creosote formulations. This listing does not include K001 bottom sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewater from wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or pentachlorophenol.
F035 - Wastewaters (except those that have not come into contact with process contaminants), process residuals, preservative drippage, and spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that use inorganic preservatives containing arsenic or chromium. This listing does not include K001 bottom sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewater from wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or pentachlorophenol.
F037 - Petroleum refinery primary oil/water/solids separation sludge--Any sludge generated from the gravitational separation of oil/water/solids during the storage or treatment of process wastewaters and oily cooling wastewaters from petroleum refineries. Such sludge include, but are not limited to, those generated in: oil/ water/solids separators; tanks and impoundments; ditches and other conveyances; sumps; and stormwater units receiving dry weather flow. Sludge generated in stormwater units that do not receive dry weather flow, sludge generated from non-contact once-through cooling waters segregated for treatment from other process or oily cooling waters, sludge generated in aggressive biological treatment units as defined in § 261.31(b)(2) (including sludge generated in one or more additional units after wastewaters have been treated in aggressive biological treatment units) and K051 wastes are not included in this listing.
F038 - Petroleum refinery secondary (emulsified) oil/water/solids separation sludge--Any sludge and/or float generated from the physical and/or chemical separation of oil/water/solids in process wastewaters and oily cooling wastewaters from petroleum refineries. Such wastes include, but are not limited to, all sludge and floats generated in: induced air flotation (IAF) units, tanks and impoundments, and all sludge generated in DAF units. sludge generated in stormwater units that do not receive dry weather flow, sludge generated from non-contact once-through cooling waters segregated for treatment from other process or oily cooling waters, sludge and floats generated in aggressive biological treatment units as defined in § 261.31(b)(2) (including sludge and floats generated in one or more additional units after wastewaters have been treated in aggressive biological treatment units) and f037, K048, and K051 wastes are not included in this listing.
F039 - Leachate (liquids that have percolated through land disposed wastes) resulting from the disposal of more than one restricted waste classified as hazardous under subpart D of this part. (Leachate resulting from the disposal of one or more of the following EPA Hazardous Wastes and no other Hazardous Wastes retains its EPA Hazardous Waste Number(s): F020, F021, F022, F026, F027, and/or F028.)
K001 - Bottom sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewaters from wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or pentachlorophenol.
K002 - Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chrome yellow and orange pigments.
K003 - Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of molybdate orange pigments.
K004 - Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of zinc yellow pigments.
K005 - Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chrome green pigments.
K006 - Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chrome oxide green pigments (anhydrous and hydrated).
K007 - Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of iron blue pigments.
K008 - Oven residue from the production of chrome oxide green pigments.
K009 - Distillation bottoms from the production of acetaldehyde from ethylene.
K010 - Distillation side cuts from the production of acetaldehyde from ethylene.
K011- Bottom stream from the wastewater stripper in the production of acrylonitrile.
K013 - Bottom stream from the acetonitrile column in the production of acrylonitrile.
K014 - Bottoms from the acetonitrile purification column in the production of acrylonitrile.
K015 - Still bottoms from the distillation of benzyl chloride.
K016 - Heavy ends or distillation residues from the production of carbon tetrachloride.
K017 - Heavy ends (still bottoms) from the purification column in the production of epichlorohydrin.
K018 - Heavy ends from the fractionation column in ethyl chloride production.
K019 - Heavy ends from the distillation of ethylene dichloride in ethylene dichloride production.
K020 - Heavy ends from the distillation of vinyl chloride in vinyl chloride monomer production.
K021 - Aqueous spent antimony catalyst waste from fluoromethane production.
K022 - Distillation bottom tars from the production of phenol/acetone from cumene.
K023 - Distillation light ends from the production of phthalic anhydride from naphthalene.
K024 - Distillation bottoms from the production of phthalic anhydride from naphthalene.
K025 - Distillation bottoms from the production of nitrobenzene by the nitration of benzene.
K026 - tripping still tails from the production of methyl ethyl pyridines.
K027 - Centrifuge and distillation residues from toluene diisocyanate production.
K028 - Spent catalyst from the hydrochlorinator reactor in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
K029 - Waste from the product steam stripper in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
K030 - Column bottoms or heavy ends from the combined production of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene.
K031 - By-product salts generated in the production of MSMA and cacodylic acid.
K032 - Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chlordane.
K033 - Wastewater and scrub water from the chlorination of cyclopentadiene in the production of chlordane.
K034 - Filter solids from the filtration of hexachlorocyclopentadiene in the production of chlordane.
K035 - Wastewater treatment sludges generated in the production of creosote.
K036 - Still bottoms from toluene reclamation distillation in the production of disulfoton.
K037 - Wastewater treatment sludges from the production of disulfoton.
K038 - Wastewater from the washing and stripping of phorate production.
K039 - Filter cake from the filtration of diethylphosphorodithioic acid in the production of phorate.
K040 - Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of phorate.
K041 - Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of toxaphene.
K042 - Heavy ends or distillation residues from the distillation of tetrachlorobenzene in the production of 2,4,5-T.K036
K043 - 2,6-dichlorophenol waste from the production of 2,4-D.
K045 - Spent carbon from the treatment of wastewater containing explosives.
K046 - Wastewater treatment sludges from the manufacturing, formulation, and loading of lead-based initiating compounds.
K047 - Pink/red water from TNT operations.
K048 - Dissolved air flotation (DAF) float from the petroleum refining industry.
K049 - Slop oil emulsion solids from the petroleum refining industry.
K050 - Heat exchanger bundle cleaning sludge from the petroleum refining industry.
K051 - API separator sludge from the petroleum refining industry.
K052 - Tank bottoms (leaded) from the petroleum refining industry.
K060 - Ammonia still lime sludge from coking operations.
K061 - Emission control dust/sludge from the primary production of steel in electric furnaces.
K062 - Spent pickle liquor from steel finishing operations of plants that produce iron or steel.
K064 - Acid plant blowdown slurry/sludge resulting from the thickening of blowdown slurry from primary copper production.
K065 - Surface impoundment solids contained in and dredged from surface impoundments at primary lead smelting facilities.
K066 - Sludge from treatment of process wastewater and/or acid plant blowdown from primary zinc production.
K069 - Emission control dust/sludge from secondary lead smelting.
K071 - Brine purification muds from the mercury cell process in chlorine production, in which separately prepurified brine is not used.
K073 - Chlorinated hydrocarbon waste from the purification step of the diaphragm cell process using graphite anodes in chlorine production.
K083 - Distillation bottoms from aniline production.
K084 - Wastewater treatment sludges generated during the production of veterinary pharmaceuticals from arsenic or organo-arsenic compounds.
K085 - Distillation or fractionation column bottoms from the production of chlorobenzenes.
K086 - Solvent washes and sludges, caustic washes and sludges, or water washes and sludges from cleaning tubs and equipment used in the formulation of ink from pigments, driers, soaps, and stabilizers containing chromium and lead.
K087 - Decanter tank tar sludge from coking operations.
K088 - Spent potliners from primary aluminum reduction.
K090 - Emission control dust or sludge from ferrochromiumsilicon production.
K091 - Emission control dust or sludge from ferrochromium production.
K093 - Distillation light ends from the production of phthalic anhydride from ortho-xylene.
K094 - Distillation bottoms from the production of phthalic anhydride from ortho-xylene.
K095 - Distillation bottoms from the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
K096 - Heavy ends from the heavy ends column from the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
K097 - Vacuum stripper discharge from the chlordane chlorinator in the production of chlordane.
K098 - Untreated process wastewater from the production of toxaphene.
K099 - Untreated wastewater from the production of 2,4-D.
K100 - Waste leaching solution from acid leaching of emission control dust/sludge from secondary lead smelting.
K101 - Distillation tar residues from the distillation of aniline-based compounds in the production of veterinary pharmaceuticals from arsenic or organo-arsenic compounds.
K102 - Residue from the use of activated carbon for decolorization in the production of veterinary pharmaceuticals from arsenic or organo-arsenic compounds.
K103 - Process residues from aniline extraction from the production of aniline.
K104 - Combined wastewaters generated from nitrobenzene/aniline production.
K105 - Separated aqueous stream from the reactor product washing step in the production of chlorobenzenes.
K106 - Wastewater treatment sludge from the mercury cell process in chlorine production.
K107 - Column bottoms from product separation from the production of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) from carboxylic acid hydrazides.
K108 - Condensed column overheads from product separation and condensed reactor vent gases from the production of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine from carboxylic acid hydrazides.
K109 - Spent filter cartridges from product purification from the product of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine from carboxylic acid hydrazides.
K110 - Condensed column overheads from intermediate separation from the production of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine from carboxylic acid hydrazides.
K111 - Product washwaters from the production of dinitrotoluene via nitration of toluene.
K112 - Reaction by-product water from the drying column in the production of toluenediamine via hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene.
K113 - Condensed liquid light ends from purification of toluenediamine in production of toluenediamine via hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene.
K114 - Vicinals from the purification of toluenediamine in production of toluenediamine via hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene.
K115 - Heavy ends from purification of toluenediamine in the production of toluenediamine via hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene.
K116 - Organic condensate from the solvent recovery column in the production of toluene diisocyanate via phosgenation of toluenediamine.
K117 - Wastewater from the reactor vent gas scrubber in the production of ethylene dibromide via bromination of ethene.
K118 - Spent adsorbent solids from purification of ethylene dibromide in the production of ethylene dibromide via bromination of ethene.
K123 - Process wastewater (including supernates, filtrates, and washwaters) from the production of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid and its salts. Hazardous Code T.
K124 - Reactor vent scrubber water from the production of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid and its salts. Hazardous Code T.
K125 - Filtration, evaporation, and centrifugation solids from the production of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid and its salts. Hazardous Code T and C.
K126 - Baghouse dust and floor sweepings in milling and packaging operations from production or formulation of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid and its salts. Hazardous Code T.
K131 - Wastewater from the reactor and spent sulfuric acid from the acid dryer from the production of methyl bromide.
K132 - Spent absorbent and wastewater separator solids from the production of methyl bromide.
K136 - Still bottoms from the purification of ethylene dibromide in the production of ethylene dibromide via bromination of ethene.
K141 - Process residues from the recovery of coal tar, including, but not limited to, tar collecting sump residues from the production of coke from coal or the recovery of coke by-products produced from coal. This listing does not include K087 (decanter tank sludge from coking operations).
K142 - Tank storage residues from the production of coke from coal or from the recovery of coke by-products from coal.
K143 - Process residues from the recovery of light oil, including, but not limited to, those generated in stills, decanters, and wash oil recovery units from the recovery of coke by-products produced from coal.
K144 - Wastewater sump residues from light oil refining, including, but not limited to, intercepting or contamination sump sludges from the recovery of coke by-products produced from coal.
K145 - Residues from naphthalene collection and recovery operations from the recovery of coke by-products produced from coal.
K147 - Tar storage residues from coal tar refining.
K148 - Residues from coal tar distillation, including, but not limited to, still bottoms.
K149 - Distillation bottoms from the production of alpha (or methyl-) chlorinated tolunes, ring-chlorinated tolunes, benzol chlorides, and compounds with mixtures of these functional groups. [This waste does not include still bottoms from the distillation of benzol chloride]
K150 - Organic residules excluding spent carbon adsorbent, from the spent chlorine gas and hydrochloric acid recovery processes associated with the production of alpha (or methyl-) chlorinated tolunes, benzol chlorides, and compounds with mixtures of these functional groups.
K151 - Wastewater treatment sludges, excluding neutralization and biological sludges, generated during the treatment of wastewaters from the production of alpha (or methyl-) chlorinated tolunes, benzol chlorides, and compounds with mixtures of these functional groups.
K156 - Organic hazardous waste (including heavy ends, still bottoms, light ends, spent solvents, filtrates, and decantates) from the production of carbamates and carbamoyl oximes. (This listing does not apply to hazardous wastes generated from the manufacture of 3-iodo-2-propynyl n-butylcarbamate.)
K157 - Hazardous wastewaters (including scrubber waters, condenser waters, washwaters, and separation waters) from the production of carbamates and carbamoyl oximes.
K158 - Bag house dusts and filter/separation solids from the production of carbamates and carbamoyl oximes.
K159 - Organics from the treatment of thiocarbamate hazardous wastes.
P001 - Warfarin, & salts, when present at concentrations greater than 0.3%
P002 - 1-Acetyl-2-thiourea
P003 - Acrolein
P004 - Aldrin
P005 - Allyl alcohol
P006 - Aluminum phosphide
P007 - 5-(Aminomethyl)-3-isoxazolol
P008 - 4-Aminopyridine,
P009 - Ammonium picrate
P010 - Arsenic acid H3AsO4
P011 - Arsenic pentoxide
P012 - Arsenic trioxide
P013 - Barium cyanide
P014 - Benzenethiol
P015 - Beryllium powder
P016 - Dichloromethyl ether
P017 - Bromoacetone
P018 - Brucine
P020 - Dinoseb
P021 - Calcium cyanide
P022 - Carbon disulfide
P023 - Chloroacetaldehyde
P024 - p-Chloroaniline
P026 - 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea
P027 - 3-Chloropropionitrile
P028 - Benzyl chloride
P029 - Copper cyanide
P030 - Cyanides (soluble cyanide salts), not otherwise specified
P031 - Cyanogen
P033 - Cyanogen chloride
P034 - 2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
P036 - Dichlorophenylarsine
P037 - Dieldrin
P038 - Diethylarsine
P039 - Disulfoton
P040 - O,O-Diethyl O-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate
P041 - Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate
P042 - Epinephrine
P043 - Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)
P044 - 2,7:3,6-Dimethanonaphth [2,3-b]oxirene, 3,4,5,6,9,9-hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6, 6a,7,7a-octahydro-, (1aalpha,2beta,2abeta,3alpha,6alpha,6abeta,7beta, 7aalpha)-, & metabolites
P045 - Thiofanox
P046 - Benzeneethanamine, alpha,alpha-dimethyl-
P047 - 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, & salts
P048 - 2,4-Dinitrophenol
P049 - Dithiobiuret
P050 - Endosulfan
P051 - Endrin
P054 - Aziridine
P056 - Fluorine
P057 - Fluoroacetamide
P058 - Fluoro-acetic acid, sodium salt
P059 - Heptachlor
P060 - Isodrin
P062 - Hexaethyl tetraphosphate
P063 - Hydrocyanic acid
P064 - Methyl isocyanate
P065 - Mercury fulminate
P066 - Methomyl
P067 - 2-methyl-aziridine
P068 - Methyl hydrazine
P069 - Methyllactonitrile
P070 - Aldicarb
P071 - Methyl parathion
P072 - alpha-Naphthylthiourea
P073 - Nickel carbonyl
P074 - Nickel cyanide
P075 - Nicotine, & salts
P076 - Nitric oxide
P077 - p-Nitroaniline
P078 - Nitrogen dioxide
P081 - Nitroglycerine
P082 - N-Nitrosodimethylamine
P084 - N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
P085 - Octamethylpyrophosphoramide
P087 - Osmium tetroxide
P088 - Endothall
P089 - Parathion
P092 - Phenylmercury acetate
P093 - Phenylthiourea
P094 - Phorate
P095 - Phosgene
P096 - Phosphine
P097 - Famphur
P098 - Potassium cyanide
P099 - Potassium silver cyanide
P101 - Ethyl cyanide
P102 - Propargyl alcohol
P103 - Selenourea
P104 - Silver cyanide
P105 - Sodium azide
P106 - Sodium cyanide
P108 - Strychnidin-10-one, & salts
P109 - Tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate
P110 - Tetraethyl lead
P111 - Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
P112 - Tetranitromethane
P113 - Thallic oxide
P114 - Thallium(I) selenite
P115 - Thallium(I) sulfate
P116 - Hydrazinecarbothioamide
P118 - Trichloromethanethiol
P119 - Ammonium vanadate
P120 - Vanadium pentoxide
P121 - Zinc cyanide
P122 - Zinc phosphide Zn3P2, when present at concentrations greater than 10%
P123 - Toxaphene
P127 - Carbofuran.
P128 - Mexacarbate
P185 - Tirpate
P188 - Physostigmine salicylate
P189 - Carbosulfan
P190 - Metolcarb
P191 - Dimetilan
P192 - Isolan
P194 - Oxamyl
P196 - bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')-manganese
P197 - Formparanate
P198 - Formetanate hydrochloride
P199 - Methiocarb
P201 - Promecarb
P202 - Isopropylphenyl N-methylcarbamate
P203 - Aldicarb sulfone
P204 - Physostigmine
P205 - Ziram
U001 - Acetaldehyde
U002 - Acetone
U003 - Acetonitrile
U004 - Acetophenone
U005 - Acetylaminofluorene
U006 - Acetyl chloride
U008 - Acrylic acid
U009 - Acrylonitrile
U010 - Mitomycin C
U011 - Amitrole
U012 - Aniline
U014 - Auramine
U015 - Azaserine
U016 - Benz[c]acridine
U017 - Benzal chloride
U018 - Benz[a]anthracene
U019 - Benzene
U020 - Benzenesulfonyl chloride
U021 - Benzidine
U022 - Benzo[a]pyrene
U023 - Benzotrichloride
U024 - Dichloromethoxy ethane
U025 - Dichloroethyl ether
U026 - Chlornaphazin
U027 - Dichloroisopropyl ether
U028 - Diethylhexyl phthalate
U029 - Methyl bromide
U030 - 1-bromo-4-phenoxy-benzene
U031 - 1-Butanol
U032 - Calcium chromate
U033 - Carbonic difluoride
U034 - Chloral
U035 - Chlorambucil
U036 - Chlordane, alpha & gamma isomers
U037 - Chlorobenzene
U038 - Chlorobenzilate
U039 - p-Chloro-m-cresol
U041 - Epichlorohydrin
U042 - 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
U043 - Vinyl chloride
U045 - Methyl chloride
U046 - Chloromethyl methyl ether
U047 - beta-Chloronaphthalene
U048 - o-Chlorophenol
U049 - Benzenamine, 4-chloro-2-methyl-, hydrochloride
U050 - Chrysene
U051 - Creosote
U052 - Cresol (Cresylic acid)
U053 - Crotonaldehyde
U055 - Cumene
U056 - Cyclohexane
U057 - Cyclohexanone
U058 - Cyclophosphamide
U059 - Daunomycin
U060 - DDD
U061 - DDT
U062 - Diallate
U063 - Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
U064 - Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene
U066 - 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
U067 - Ethylene dibromide
U068 - Methylene bromide
U069 - Dibutyl phthalate
U070 - o-Dichlorobenzene
U071 - m-Dichlorobenzene
U072 - p-Dichlorobenzene
U073 - 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
U074 - 1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
U075 - Dichlorodifluoromethane
U076 - Ethylidene dichloride
U077 - Ethylene dichloride
U078 - 1,1-Dichloroethylene
U079 - 1,2-Dichloroethylene
U080 - Methylene chloride
U081 - 2,4-Dichlorophenol
U082 - 2,6-Dichlorophenol
U083 - Propylene dichloride
U084 - 1,3-Dichloropropene
U085 - 2,2'-Bioxirane
U086 - N,N'-Diethylhydrazine
U087 - O,O-Diethyl S-methyl dithiophosphate
U088 - Diethyl phthalate
U089 - Diethylstilbesterol
U090 – Dihydrosafrole
U091 - [3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
U092 - Dimethylamine
U093 - p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
U094 - 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
U095 - 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
U096 - alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
U097 - Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
U098 - 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
U099 - 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
U101 - 2,4-Dimethylphenol
U102 - Dimethyl phthalate
U103 - Dimethyl sulfate
U105 - 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
U106 - 2,6-Dinitrotoluene
U107 - Di-n-octyl phthalate
U108 - 1,4-Dioxane
U109 - 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
U110 - Dipropylamine
U111 - Di-n-propylnitrosamine
U112 - Ethyl acetate
U113 - Ethyl acrylate
U114 - Carbam Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts & esters
U115 - Ethylene oxide
U116 - 2-Imidazolidinethione
U117 - Ethyl ether
U118 - Ethyl methacrylate
U119 - Ethyl methanesulfonate
U120 - Fluoranthene
U121 - Trichloromonofluoromethane
U122 - Formaldehyde
U123 - Formic acid
U124 - Furan
U125 - Furancarboxaldehyde
U126 - Fluoranthene
U127 - Hexachlorobenzene
U128 - Hexachlorobutadiene
U129 - Lindane
U130 - Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
U131 - Hexachloroethane
U132 - Hexachlorophene
U133 - Hydrazine
U134 - Hydrogen fluoride
U135 - Hydrogen sulfide
U136 - Cacodylic acid
U137 - Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
U138 - Methyl iodide
U140 - Isobutyl alcohol
U141 - Isosafrole
U142 - Kepone
U143 - Lasiocarpine
U144 - Lead acetate
U145 - Lead phosphate
U146 - Lead subacetate
U147 - Maleic anhydride
U148 - Maleic hydrazide
U149 - Malononitrile
U150 - Melphalan
U151 - Mercury
U152 - Methacrylonitril
U153 - Methanethiol
U154 - Methanol
U155 - Methapyrilene
U156 - Methyl chlorocarbonate
U157 - 3-Methylcholanthrene
U158 - 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
U159 - Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
U160 - Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
U161 - Methyl isobutyl ketone
U162 - Methyl methacrylate
U163 - MNNG
U164 - Methylthiouracil
U165 - Naphthalene
U166 - 1,4-Naphthalenedione
U167 - 1-Naphthalenamine
U168 - 2-Naphthalenamine
U169 - Benzene, nitro-
U170 - p-Nitrophenol
U171 - 2-Nitropropane
U172 - 1-Butanamine, N-butyl-N-nitroso-
U173 - N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
U174 - N-Nitrosodiethylamine
U176 - N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
U177 - N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
U178 - N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane
U179 - N-Nitrosopiperidine
U180 - N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
U181 - Nitro-o-toluidine
U182 - Paraldehyde
U183 - Pentachlorobenzene
U184 - Pentachloroethane
U185 - Pentachloronitrobenzene
U186 - 1-Methylbutadiene
U187 - Phenacetin
U188 - Phenol
U189 - Phosphorus sulfide
U190 - Phthalic anhydride
U191 - 2-Picoline
U192 - Pronamide
U193 - 1,3-Propane sultone
U194 - 1-Propanamine
U196 - Pyridine
U197 - p-Benzoquinone
U200 - Reserpine
U201 - Resorcinol
U202 - Saccharin, & salts
U203 - Safrole
U204 - Selenious acid
U205 - Selenium sulfide
U206 - Streptozotocin
U207 - 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
U208 - 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
U209 - 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
U210 - Tetrachloroethylene
U211 - Carbon tetrachloride
U213 - Tetrahydrofuran
U214 - Thallium(I) acetate
U215 - Thallium(I) carbonate
U216 - Thallium(I) chloride
U217 - Thallium(I) nitrate
U218 - Ethanethioamide
U219 - Thiourea
U220 - Methylbenzene
U221 - ar-methyl-Benzenediamine
U222 - 2-methyl-Benzenamine hydrochloride
U223 - 1,3-diisocyanatomethylbenzene
U225 - Bromoform
U226 - Methyl chloroform
U227 - 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
U228 - Trichloroethylene
U234 - 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
U235 - Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
U236 - Trypan blue
U237 - Uracil mustard
U238 - Ethyl carbamate (urethane)
U239 - Xylene
U240 - 2,4-D, salts & esters
U243 - Hexachloropropene
U244 - Thiram
U246 - Cyanogen bromide (CN)Br
U247 - Methoxychlor
U248 - Warfarin, & salts, when present at concentrations of 0.3% or less
U249 - Zinc phosphide Zn3P2, when present at concentrations of 10% or less
U271 - Benomyl
U278 - Bendiocarb
U279 - Carbaryl
U280 - Barban
U328 - 2-methyl-Benzenamine
U353 - 4-methyl-Benzenamine
U359 - Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
U364 - Bendiocarb phenol
U367 - Carbofuran phenol
U372 - Calcium chromate
U373 - Carbamic acid, phenyl-, 1-methylethyl ester
U387 - Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl-, S-(phenylmethyl) ester
U389 - Carbamothioic acid, bis(1-methylethyl)-, S-(2,3,3-trichloro-2-propenyl) ester
U394 - A2213
U395 - Diethylene glycol, dicarbamate
U404 - N,N-diethyl-Ethanamine
U409 - Carbamic acid, [1,2-phenylenebis (iminocarbonothioyl)]bis-, dimethyl ester
U410 - Thiodicarb
U411 - Propoxur

Greenpeace Urges Testing Following N.C. Chemical Fire

Residents evacuated from a North Carolina town following last week's major fire at a chemical handling facility were allowed to return home Saturday. But an environmental watchdog group warns that the proper testing has not been done to ensure their safety -- and that instructions given by officials could in fact jeopardize the ongoing investigation and any legal action.

Greenpeace yesterday faxed letters to federal and state regulators calling for comprehensive testing of homes, schools and daycare centers following last week's major fire at the Environmental Quality Co. facility in Apex, N.C. The letters were addressed to federal Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Stephen Johnson and N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources Secretary William Ross. (For a copy of the EPA letter, click here. For a copy of the N.C. DENR letter, click here.)

"Although there have been numerous announcements that it is safe for residents ... to return to their community, these assurances are being made without information being made available to the public, " according to a statement issued yesterday by the group. "No information is yet available regarding what chemicals were emitted at the fire. It is of grave concern that initial reports of chemicals onsite such as chlorine can form toxic gases that can become trapped in basements and low-lying areas without proper ventilation."

EPA and DENR have declared the town safe following testing of air and surface water. However, the agencies have not tested swipe samples from homes or schools or analyzed sediments deposited in yards from the massive fire and subsequent rains. Greenpeace points out that after a 2004 fire at a chemical facility in Illinois, regulators tested homes and schools for dioxin, a carcinogen sometimes produced in chemical fires.

EPA and DENR officials were meeting today to discuss future testing, DENR spokesperson Diana Kees reports.

As of this morning, regulators were still unsure exactly what materials were present at the Apex facility when the fire broke out Thursday night. Kees says the company had a comprehensive list of materials onsite in its Apex administrative offices, which were not damaged in the incident. The blaze burned out of control until early Saturday, when firefighters began using special chemicals to quell the flames. The cause of the fire has not yet been determined.

Eyewitness reports described what appeared to be a yellowish cloud of chlorine gas hovering over downtown Apex late Thursday and early Friday. The facility was permitted by the state to handle a long list of extremely toxic compounds including heavy metals such as arsenic and lead, solvents like trichloroethylene and methylene chloride, pesticides including 2,4-D and aldicarb, and numerous benzene compounds.

Greenpeace is concerned that Apex residents may have been getting problematic information from authorities. The group notes that Wake County's Web site advised residents to clean their homes and discard items such as medicines that had been left open, and news reports have showed residents throwing away potentially contaminated property.

"There may be serious legal implications that could put victims at a disadvantage if they wash or throw away property that is contaminated," the group's statement says. "Contaminated property may well be evidence that will indicate what chemicals entered their home or yard and to what extent EQ is responsible for clean up and compensation."

A lawsuit has already been filed on behalf of Apex residents. Meanwhile, EQ is still facing lawsuits related to a fire at one of its Michigan plants last year.

The Michigan-based EQ was fined $32,000 by North Carolina regulators earlier this year for a number of problems at the Apex facility. They included the failure to "maintain and operate the facility to minimize the possibility of a sudden or non-sudden release of hazardous waste constituents to air, soil or surface water which could threaten human health or the environment."

(This post originally appeared on the Institute for Southern Studies' Facing South blog.)

Company Behind N.C. Chemical Disaster Had Previous Violations

The firm that owns the North Carolina plant where a chemical fire has been burning out of control since Thursday evening was fined earlier this year by state environmental officials for unsafe practices. More than 30 local residents and emergency responders have been treated at area hospitals for respiratory distress and chemical burns, according to news reports.

The North Carolina subsidiary of The Environmental Quality Co., a privately held company headquartered in Michigan, was slapped with a $32,000 penalty in March by the N.C. Division of Waste Management for six infractions. They included failure to "maintain and operate the facility to minimize the possibility of a sudden or non-sudden release of hazardous waste constituents to air, soil or surface water which could threaten human health or the environment" and to "immediately carry out the provisions of the contingency plan whenever there is a release of hazardous waste or constituents which threatens or could threaten human health or the environment," according to the DWM's Web site.

EQ North Carolina is located near downtown Apex, N.C., a town of about 32,000 people located 10 miles southwest of the state capital of Raleigh. The facility stores and manages hazardous wastes, which under its state permit may include highly toxic heavy metals, solvents, pesticides and other industrial chemicals. (For an explanation of the various chemical codes listed in the permit, click here.)

About 16,000 people were ordered to evacuate, with no word yet on when everyone might be able to return home. The fire released a cloud of dangerous fumes over Apex, and subsequent rains are washing those chemicals into the surrounding ecosystem. State water quality regulators report that ditches on the property carry runoff to a small pond, which empties into a creek that ultimately flows into Wake County's Lake Benson, a popular recreational facility and habitat for wildlife including bald eagles and great blue herons.

EQ had a similar disaster at one of its Michigan facilities last year, the Associated Press reports. On Aug. 9, 2005, a fire broke out at the company's plant in Romulus, leading to the evacuation of about 2,000 people from their homes and sending more than 30 people to the hospital. Lawsuits against the company over that incident are still pending.

(This post originally appeared on the Institute for Southern Studies' Facing South blog.)